They have been bugling and sparring since about September 1, 2011 but now things are serious and fights are frequent and assertive. Now is the time to go to Boxley or Ponca to watch the action. Early and late in the day is best; but bugling continues through the day light hours. The harems are well formed. Below is a picture of the harem near Ponca about 3 weeks ago.
Cow Elk harem near Ponca
Life and Wildlife along the Little Buffalo River 
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